基于MODIS资料的2000-2004年江河源区陆地植被净初级生产力分析   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16  

郭晓寅  何勇  沈永平  冯丁 《冰川冻土》2006,28(4):512-518

基于EOS/MODIS卫星遥感资料的分析表明,2000-2004年江河源地区陆地植被平均年NPP为82.04 gC.m-2,相当于同期全国陆地植被年NPP的23%,其中2001年的年NPP最小,只有78.04gC.m-2,2002年最大,为85.44 gC.m-2.根据年NPP分布显示,黄河源区的植被生长状况要好于长江源区,其中在黄河源东南部陆地植被的年NPP>250 gC.m-2,为江河源区植被年生长最大的区域;该地区的植被年NPP最小值的区域分布在长江源的西北部地区,年NPP大部分<50 gC.m-2.江河源地区植被的年NPP表现为显著的年际变化特征,不同地区年NPP的变化特征各不相同;高寒草甸的年NPP为该地区所有陆地植被年NPP中最大,其5 a平均值为89.38 gC.m-2,其次为高寒草原和灌木及草本植被;由于地处高寒地区,温度成为影响该地区陆地植被净初级生产力的主要因素.  相似文献   

Diurnal variations of rainfall affected by complex topography based on high-density observation in Chongqing over southwest China     

Li  Qiang  Zheng  Yongguang  Zhou  Guobing  Zhu  Yan  Liu  Chao  Liu  Yan 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,148(3-4):1373-1394

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Located in the eastern edge of the Sichuan Basin (SCB) in the southwest China, Chongqing is a mountainous region with typical complex topographic features....  相似文献   

Satellite estimates and subpixel variability of rainfall in a semi-arid grassland          下载免费PDF全文

Yong Chen  Jing Duan  Junling An  Huizhi Liu  Ulrich G?rsdorf  Franz H.Berger 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(5):24-29

卫星估雨精度的不确定性受到当地降雨类型和像元内降雨非均匀性影响,而结合这两个关键因素开展半干旱草原卫星估雨的研究有限.2009年夏,我们在中国锡林郭勒半干旱草原用多部微雨雷达和雨量计构建了9 km卫星像元降雨观测网,观测了像元内降雨非均匀性(空间变异系数CV),并评估了卫星估雨精度.结果表明:(1)CV值受像元内平均降雨量,降雨类型,降雨云面积及移向等影响,如高Cv值的降雨过程大多为平均降雨量小,对流性降雨过程,降雨云边缘像元CV值较高;(2)TRMM 3B42V7卫星估雨产品适用性较好,CMORPH和PERSIANN次之,但TRMM 3B42V7易在半干旱草原湖泊处高估降雨.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal analyses of air pollutants and meteorological driving forces in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region,China     

Zizhan Hu  Xuguang Tang  Chen Zheng  Menglin Guan  Jingwei Shen 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(14):540

Due to its negative impact on the living environment of human beings, ambient air pollution has become a global challenge to human health. In this study, surface observations of six criteria air pollutants, including PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO and O₃, were collected to investigate the spatial and temporal variation in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region during 2013–2016 and to explore the relationships between atmospheric pollutants and meteorological variables using quantile regression model (QRM) and multiple linear regression model (MLRM). The results show that BTH region has experienced significant air pollution, and the southern part generally has more severe conditions. The annual average indicates clear decreasing trends of the particulate matters, SO₂ and CO concentrations over the last 4 years and slight increasing trends of NO₂ and O₃ in several cities. The seasonal and monthly characteristics indicate that the concentrations of five species reach their maxima in the winter and their minima in the summer, whereas O₃ has the opposite behaviour. Finally, the pseudo R² values show that the QRMs have the best performance in the winter, followed by spring, fall, and summer. Specifically, all the meteorological factors have significant impacts on air pollution but change with pollutants and seasons. The MLRM results are generally consistent with the QRM results in all seasons, and the inconsistencies are more common in the fall and winter. The results of this research provide foundational knowledge for predicting the response of air quality to climate change in the BTH region.  相似文献   

Development of efficiently coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical model to predict hydraulic fracture morphology in heavy oil reservoirs     

Yongquan Hu  Qiang Wang  Jinzhou Zhao  Ziyi Guo  Yong Zhang  Chun Mao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(23):778

The aim of the study involves examining the effect of heavy oil viscosity on fracture geometry in detail by establishing a heavy oil fracturing model and conventional fracturing model based on thermal–hydraulic–mechanical (THM) coupled theory, Walther viscosity model, and K–D–R temperature model. We consider viscosity and density within the heavy oil fracturing model as functions of pressure and temperature while that as constants within the conventional fracturing model. A heavy oil production well is set as an example to analyze the differences between the two models to account for the thermo-poro-elastic effect. The results show that temperature exhibits the most significant influence on the heavy oil viscosity while the influence of pressure is the least. In addition, a cooling area with a width of 0–1 m and varied length is generated near the fracture. The heavy oil viscosity increases sharply in this area, thereby indicating an area of viscosity increment. The heavy oil viscosity increases faster and is closer to wellbore, and a high viscosity increment reduces the mobility of the heavy oil and prevents the fracturing fluid from entering into the reservoir. The special viscosity distribution results in significant differences in pore pressure, oil saturation, and changing trends between these two models. In the heavy oil reservoir fracturing model, the thermal effect completely exceeds the influence of pore elasticity, and the values of the fracture length, width, and static pressure exceed those calculated in the conventional fracturing model. Thus, a comparison of the measured values indicates that the results obtained by considering viscosity as a function of temperature and pressure are more accurate. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to provide good guidelines for the design of heavy oil fracturing.  相似文献   

Probabilistic calibration of a coupled hydro-mechanical slope stability model with integration of multiple observations     

Lulu Zhang  Fang Wu  Yafei Zheng  Lihong Chen  Jie Zhang  Xu Li 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2018,12(3):169-182

Multiple types of responses, such as displacements, ground water level, pore water pressures, water contents, etc., are usually measured in comprehensive monitoring programmes for rainfall-induced landslide prevention. In this study, a probabilistic calibration method for coupled hydro-mechanical modelling of slope stability is presented with integration of multiple types of measurements. A numerical example of a soil slope under rainfall infiltration is illustrated to compare the effects of single and multiple types of responses on parameter estimation and model calibration. The results show that the soil parameters can be estimated with less uncertainty and total uncertainty bounds are narrower with multiple types of responses than with a single type of response. Model calibration based on multiple types of responses can compromise different responses and hence the means and standard deviations of model error are the smallest. A feasible correlation coefficient between soil modulus and permeability can be obtained from model calibration with multiple types of responses and single type of response as long as the responses include displacement data.  相似文献   

Soil wettability in ground engineering: fundamentals,methods, and applications     

S. D. N. Lourenço  Y. Saulick  S. Zheng  H. Kang  D. Liu  H. Lin  T. Yao 《Acta Geotechnica》2018,13(1):1-14

Wettability is a fundamental property controlling the extent of wetting in flat and granular solids. In natural soils, wettability affects a wide variety of processes including infiltration, preferential flow and surface runoff. In mineral processing, wettability is paramount in enhancing the efficiency of separation of minerals from gangue. The manipulation of surface wettability is equally crucial in many industrial applications. For instance, superhydrophobic surfaces are those on which water drops roll off easily and as such are used for self-cleaning applications. Therefore, while wettability is strongly cross-disciplinary, its evolution has been discipline-specific with a direct extrapolation or transfer of concepts, approaches, and methods to ground engineering unlikely to remain valid. This paper synthesizes relevant aspects from surface chemistry, materials science, mining engineering, and soil science, and discusses their implications within the context of new granular materials that resist wetting, for use in barriers or ground improvement and, in unsaturated soils, where the effects of wettability have been documented.  相似文献   

Research on mining-induced deformation and stress,insights from physical modeling and theoretical analysis     

Guodong Li  Shugang Cao  Feng Luo  Yong Li  Yaxing Wei 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(5):100

The dynamic change of mining-induced stress is the main reason for large deformation of surrounding rock. To investigate the influence of mining-induced stress and deformation is important for appropriate supportive design. It also helps to raise the safety and productivity of longwall mining operations. In this paper, Weijiagou Coal Mine in Southwest China was selected as the case study. In order to research on the deformation and breakage of overlying strata, physical modeling test was carried out on the self-developed rotatable physical similar test system. By using digital image correlation (DIC) technique, the deformation of strata and development of cracks in the process of coal seam excavation were acquired, meanwhile, mining-induced stress was also monitored by pressure cell and strainmeter. According to the mechanical structure of stope, the height of the destressed zone has a significant influence on stress distribution. In order to minimize the discrepancy between the physical model test and theoretical analysis, the dimension of the plastic zone of roadway was added into the mining panel width, and the gap between the experimental and theoretical results reduced.  相似文献   

Identification and stage classification of Precambrian rifts in the Tarim craton,northwestern China     

Chunfang Zheng  Guiting Hou 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(22):720

The study of Precambrian rifts, such as those found in the Tarim craton, is of great interest in the field of deep petroleum exploration as the source rocks of the rifts are depositional deep lacustrine facies. In this study, two buried rifts (Manjiaer and Wushi rifts) that may exist in the Tarim craton are identified based on the seismic profiles. Through the analysis of the outcrops and stratigraphic columns of the identified rifts, two types of rifts are classified and their evolution is divided into different stages. The evolution of the Manjiaer rift, which experiences frequent volcanic activity, can be roughly divided into three rift periods. Meanwhile, the evolution of the Wushi rift can be simply divided into two rift periods during the Nanhuan–Sinian period. A noticeably stronger activity of the Manjiaer rift in comparison with that of the Wushi rift was noted. The paleogeography of the Proterozoic Tarim craton was also reconstructed, and the prospect for deep petroleum exploration in the Tarim craton is proposed.  相似文献   

第四次国际古气候模拟比较计划（PMIP4）概况与评述     

郑伟鹏  满文敏  孙咏  栾贻花 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(5):510-518

古气候模拟比较计划（PMIP）是古气候数值模拟领域一项重大的国际合作研究计划,其主旨是为古气候模拟和模拟结果评估提供一个协调机制,理解过去气候变化的物理机制和气候反馈的重要作用,为未来气候预估提供科学依据。同时,通过对比分析验证模式的模拟性能,探索其不确定性,促进耦合气候系统模式的发展。PMIP目前进行到第四阶段（PMIP4)。PMIP4进一步加强了与第六次国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）的协作,选取了5组共同关注的PMIP4-CMIP6古气候模拟试验（中全新世、末次盛冰期、过去千年、末次间冰期和上新世暖期),考察气候系统对不同气候背景的综合响应。除此以外,PMIP4还设计了众多敏感性试验研究不同外强迫因子的影响。PMIP4模拟试验不仅为古气候研究提供大量的模拟数据,还将服务于CMIP6及其他众多模式比较计划。  相似文献